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What is Autism?

Autism is a lifelong condition which isolates the child or adult from the world as we know it.  It affects the ability to communicate, form relationships and understand everyday activities. The term most commonly used is Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) although Autism Spectrum Condition is also now in use. People are affected to different degrees, some with severe communication and social interaction difficulties, whilst others may be skilled in their use of language but still have a range of complex needs regarding social interaction and understanding the motivation of others.

Triad Of Impairments

There are three main features, which when combined together, are what define whether or not an individual has autism. These are often referred to as the "Triad of Impairments".

1. difficulties in relating to, or understanding other people and social situations
2. difficulties in acquiring any form of communication
3. a lack of imaginative ability, often substituted by obsessive, repetitive behaviour and a strong resistance to change.

Common Characteristics

• repetitive behaviours linked to particular interests
• patterns of communication both in speech and non-verbal
• difficulties in social settings
• strong resistance to change
• anxiety causing high levels of frustration, sometimes resulting in extreme behaviour

What Causes Autism?

The precise cause of autism has not been fully established. However, substantial evidence from research indicates that autism can be caused by a variety of conditions which can effect the development of the brain and which can occur before, during or after birth.

Causes which may result in autism include birth trauma, Tuberous Sclerosis, Fragile X Syndrome and others. It would appear that genetics are involved, but the precise nature of relevant genes has yet to be identified.

There is no cure for autism, but specialist education, care and a structured environment can minimise behavioural difficulties and enhance the individual's skills and life experiences. The care and education of people with autism, and opportunities for them are improving all the time. People with autism often represent a considerable challenge to those who care for them, train them, educate them and endeavour to support them. However, the knowledge, skills and techniques which have been developed in the last 30 years now make it more likely that the hidden potential of the person with autism can be brought out, that their quality of life can be greatly enhanced and their contribution to society can be demonstrated so that they are afforded the respect, dignity and social worth which is theirs by right.